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The North Germanic languages make up one of the three branches of the Germanic languages, a sub-family of the Indo-European languages, along with the West Germanic languages and the extinct East Germanic languages. The language group is sometimes referred to as the Nordic languages, a direct translation of the most common term used among Danish, Swedish and Norwegian scholars and laypeople. In Scandinavia, the term Scandinavian languages refers specifically to the mutually intelligible languages of the three Scandinavian countries and is thus used in a more narrow sense as a subset of the Nordic languages, leaving aside the insular subset of Faroese and Icelandic (and certainly the unrelated Finnish and Sami languages). The term ''Scandinavian'' arose in the 18th century as a result of the early linguistic and cultural Scandinavist movement, referring to the people, cultures, and languages of the three Scandinavian countries and stressing their common heritage. The term "North Germanic languages" is used in genetic linguistics,〔Gordon, Raymond G., Jr. (ed.), 2005. (Language Family Trees Indo-European, Germanic, North ). Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Fifteenth edition. Dallas, Texas: SIL International〕 whereas the term "Scandinavian languages" appears in studies of the modern standard languages and the dialect continuum of Scandinavia.〔(Scandinavian Dialect Syntax ). Network for Scandinavian Dialect Syntax. Retrieved 11 November 2007.〕〔 Approximately 20 million people in the Nordic countries have a Scandinavian language as their native language,〔Holmberg, Anders and Christer Platzack (2005). "The Scandinavian languages". In ''The Comparative Syntax Handbook,'' eds Guglielmo Cinque and Richard S. Kayne. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. (Excerpt at Durham University ).〕 including a 5 per cent minority in Finland. Languages belonging to the North Germanic language tree are spoken commonly on Greenland and, to a lesser extent, by immigrants in North America. == Modern languages and dialects == The modern languages in this group are: * Danish * * Jutland dialects * * Danish island dialects * * East Danish * Swedish〔Leinonen, Therese (2011), "Aggregate analysis of vowel pronunciation in Swedish dialects", Oslo Studies in Language 3 (2) Aggregate analysis of vowel pronunciation in Swedish dialects]", Oslo Studies in Language 3 (2); Dahl, Östen (2000), ''Språkets enhet och mångfald.'', Lund: Studentlitteratur, pp. 117–119; Lars-Erik Edlund "Språklig variation i tid och rum" in Dahl, Östen & Edlund, Lars-Erik, eds. (2010), ''Sveriges nationalatlas. Språken i Sverige.''Stockholm: Kungl. Vitterhets historie och antikvitets akademien, p. 9〕 * * South Swedish dialects * * Göta dialects * * Svea dialects * * Norrland dialects * * East Swedish dialects (Finland Swedish and Estonian Swedish) * * Gotland dialects * Dalecarlian * Norwegian * * Bokmål (written) * * Nynorsk (written) * * Trønder dialects (Norway and parts of Sweden) * * East Norwegian dialects (Norway and minor parts of Sweden) * * West Norwegian dialects * * North Norwegian dialects * Faroese * Icelandic 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「North Germanic languages」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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